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Multilineage differentiation potential in the infant adipose- and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Hui-Kuang Huang1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Kuang-Kai Hsueh5, Yu-Ting Liao2,6

  • 1Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
|September 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Infant adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) show superior proliferation and differentiation potential compared to umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCSCs). These infant ADSCs also exhibit reduced senescence and enhanced antioxidative properties, making them a promising cell source.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cellular senescence

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Infant adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCSCs) are potential therapeutic sources.
  • Comparing their biological properties is essential for optimizing cell-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of infant ADSCs and UCSCs.
  • To evaluate cellular senescence and replicative stress in both cell types.
  • To assess the antioxidative potential of infant ADSCs and UCSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Cell proliferation was assessed by cell number fold changes and doubling time.
  • Senescence and replicative stress were analyzed via gene expression (p16, p21, p53), SA-β-gal staining, and γH2AX.
  • Multilineage differentiation potential was evaluated using RT-qPCR and histochemical/immunohistochemical/immunofluorescence staining for chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and hepatogenic markers.

Main Results:

  • Infant ADSCs demonstrated higher proliferation rates and superior expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) compared to UCSCs.
  • Reduced senescence markers (p16, p21, p53, SA-β-gal, γH2AX) were observed in infant ADSCs.
  • Infant ADSCs showed significantly higher differentiation potential towards chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and hepatogenic lineages, with lower tenogenic gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Infant ADSCs possess enhanced proliferation, reduced senescence, and improved antioxidative activity over UCSCs.
  • Infant ADSCs display broader and more potent differentiation capabilities across multiple lineages compared to UCSCs.
  • These findings highlight infant ADSCs as a highly promising cell source for regenerative medicine applications.
Abstract

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