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Engineering Alkaline-Stable Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus-Like Particles for Efficient Surface Modification.

Akash J Vaidya1, Mruthula Rammohan1, Yu-Hsuan Lee2

  • 1150 Academy St, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.

Biochemical Engineering Journal
|September 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered barley stripe mosaic virus-like particles (BSMV VLPs) for enhanced stability and surface functionalization. These modified BSMV VLPs offer improved nanorod properties for advanced materials synthesis.

Keywords:
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)Caspar carboxylate clusterE. coliVLPbiotemplatesurface functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials science
  • Structural virology
  • Protein engineering

Background:

  • Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) serve as versatile biotemplates for materials synthesis due to their programmable protein structures and surface chemistry.
  • Barley stripe mosaic virus-like particles (BSMV VLPs) were previously produced using a recombinant bacterial system, but their utility was hindered by poor alkaline stability and limited chemical modification sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer BSMV VLPs with enhanced alkaline stability and introduce chemical handles for surface functionalization.
  • To identify and validate specific amino acid residues responsible for BSMV VLP disassembly at high pH.
  • To enable the development of long, functionalized nanorods for diverse applications.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis of BSMV Caspar carboxylate clusters to alter pH-dependent disassembly.
  • Introduction of C-terminal lysine residues on the BSMV coat protein for surface conjugation.
  • Characterization of VLP rod length and stability under alkaline conditions.
  • Assessment of chemical conjugation efficiency on the modified VLPs.

Main Results:

  • Identification and mutation of key residues in BSMV carboxylate clusters resulted in alkaline-stable VLPs.
  • Mutant BSMV VLPs exhibited approximately a two-fold increase in rod length, reaching an average of 91 nm under alkaline conditions.
  • Introduction of C-terminal lysine residues facilitated rapid chemical conjugation under alkaline conditions.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of surface functionalization of BSMV VLPs for the first time.

Conclusions:

  • Novel residues mediating BSMV VLP assembly and disassembly at high pH were validated.
  • Engineered BSMV VLPs demonstrate enhanced alkaline stability and efficient surface functionalization capabilities.
  • These modified BSMV VLPs are suitable for creating long nanorods and hold potential for biomedical and chemical applications.