Cancer organoids: A platform in basic and translational research

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Biotechnology
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• Organoids serve as effective preclinical models for human tumors, surpassing traditional cell lines and animal models.
• They recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and pathophysiology, closely approximating the clinical tumor microenvironment.
• Despite their potential, a comprehensive summary of cancer organoid applications is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on cancer organoid culture.
• To discuss mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis using organoids.
• To highlight advances in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) for drug screening and immunological studies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on cancer organoid technology.
• In-depth discussion of tumorigenesis and metastasis mechanisms.
• Analysis of recent studies utilizing patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs).

Main Results:

• Organoids accurately model human cancer complexity and tissue structure.
• Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) show promise in drug screening and immunological research.
• Organoid technology offers novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.

Conclusions:

• Organoids represent a significant advancement in preclinical cancer research.
• Further development of organoid technology is crucial for clinical translation.
• Organoids hold promise for personalized medicine and novel cancer therapies.