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The Use of AI in Diagnosing Diseases and Providing Management Plans: A Consultation on Cardiovascular Disorders With
1Medicine and Surgery, Islamic International Medical College, Islamabad, PAK.
Insights
Artificial intelligence (AI) language models like ChatGPT can assist in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While valuable for medical guidance, AI tools require careful clinical oversight for accurate patient care.
Area of Science:
- Medical Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of death, with high fatality rates linked to diagnostic and treatment delays.
- Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer new medical applications, but clinician understanding of AI benefits remains limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential of AI language models, specifically ChatGPT, in aiding healthcare practitioners with cardiovascular disorder diagnosis and treatment.
- To evaluate the accuracy and accessibility of AI-generated responses to simulated clinical scenarios in cardiology.
Main Methods:
- Ten hypothetical clinical consultation questions related to cardiovascular disorders were posed to ChatGPT.
- Responses were assessed for accuracy and accessibility by experienced cardiologists and medical specialists.
Main Results:
- ChatGPT accurately diagnosed eight out of ten clinical scenarios; the remaining two were closely related to the correct diagnosis.
- AI-generated management plans and treatment guidelines aligned with current medical literature and knowledge.
- While not providing specific drug regimens, ChatGPT offered beneficial general guidance for junior doctors.
Conclusions:
- ChatGPT demonstrates value as a medical resource, providing comprehensive and understandable information.
- Limitations include the need for complete clinical data (signs, symptoms, physical findings) and the inability to personalize treatment.
- AI tools like ChatGPT can be effective for medical education and decision support, but require critical clinical judgment.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have remained the leading causes of death worldwide and substantially contribute to loss of health and excess health system costs. According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) take an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. One of the reasons for an immensely high fatality in CVDs is lack of efficient diagnosis and prompt treatment. Timely recognition and management are crucial to minimize mortality. In the advancing world, AI (artificial intelligence) and machine learning technologies continue to progress, this advancement has opened new avenues for innovative approaches in the field of medicine. Despite the rapid development in the field of AI, there is a limited understanding of the potential benefits among clinicians and medical practitioners.
Methods:
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential that the AI language model holds to assist health practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We asked Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) 10 hypothetical questions simulating clinical consultation. The responses given by ChatGPT were accessed for its accuracy and accessibility by a team of medical specialists and cardiologists with extensive experience in managing cardiovascular disorders. Result: Out of the 10 clinical scenarios inserted in ChatGPT, eight were perfectly diagnosed, however, the other two answers given by ChatGPT were not entirely incorrect since those conditions were associated with the actual diagnosis. Furthermore, the management plans and the treatment protocols that were given by ChatGPT were in line with the literature and current medical knowledge. The exact drug names and regimens were not provided but a general guideline that was given by this AI tool is definitely beneficial for junior doctors in getting an idea on how to proceed or refresh their previous knowledge.
Conclusion:
ChatGPT is a valuable resource in the field of medicine. Its comprehensive and properly organized response in an understandable language has made it an effective and efficient tool to be used. However, it is crucial to note that its limitations, such as the need for all associated and typical signs, symptoms, and physical examination findings, and its inability to personalize treatments need to be acknowledged.
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