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Factors affecting the simple febrile seizures in COVID-19 children: a case-control study from China

Haohao Wu1, Kang Du1, Xi Liang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Qujing First People's Hospital, Yunnan, Qujing, China.

Frontiers in Neurology
|September 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 in children is linked to simple febrile seizures (SFS) occurring in older children. A history of febrile seizures acts as a protective factor against SFS in children with COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic revealed an over-age phenomenon in simple febrile seizures (SFS) without clear explanations, particularly in China.
  • Understanding the clinical and auxiliary examination features of SFS in children with COVID-19 is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical and auxiliary examination features of SFS in children infected with COVID-19.
  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and SFS in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 78 pediatric patients with SFS was divided into COVID-19-positive (case) and COVID-19-negative (control) groups.
  • Clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations (blood cell counts, serum electrolytes), and risk factors were analyzed.
  • Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk and protective factors.

Main Results:

  • Children over 5 years old had a significantly higher proportion of SFS in the COVID-19-positive group (47.4%) compared to the control group (5%).
  • Lower white blood cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in the COVID-19-positive group.
  • A history of febrile seizures was an independent protective factor (OR = 0.115, p = 0.009), while age was an independent risk factor (OR = 1.042, p = 0.001) for SFS in children with COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Age distribution, sex, prior history of febrile seizures, and hyponatremia differed between children with and without COVID-19 experiencing SFS.
  • A history of febrile seizures is a significant protective factor for SFS in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19agehyponatremiasexsimple febrile seizures

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