Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

359
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
359
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

463
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
463
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

10.9K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
10.9K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

328
The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
328
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

147
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
147
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

60.6K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
60.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Where Is the Organism Concept? Agential Accounts Might Help.

The American journal of bioethics : AJOB·2025
Same author

Framing effects from misleading implicatures: an empirically based case against some purported nudges.

Journal of medical ethics·2024
Same author

No tinkering allowed: When the end goal requires a highly specific or risky, and complex action sequence, expect ritualistic scaffolding.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2022
Same author

Causal Reasoning About Human Behavior Genetics: Synthesis and Future Directions.

Behavior genetics·2018
Same journal

The cognitive foundations of children's culture.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Let the kids play: Children's folklore, Newell's paradox, and the triviality barrier.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Variable cultural acquisition costs may explain contextual variation in peer cultures.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

What's special about peer cultures? The opportunity for disagreement.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The adaptive role of peer culture is shaped by risk landscapes.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Hidden cultures: How parental control shapes children's cultural adaptation in East Asian societies.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.2K

A disanalogy with RCTs and its implications for second-generation causal knowledge.

Kate E Lynch1,2, Rachael L Brown3, Jeremy Strasser4

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia kate.lynch@sydney.edu.au www.katelynch.net.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|September 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Family-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) may not easily yield causal knowledge. Unlike randomized controlled trials (RCTs), GWASs analyze diverse genetic factors, limiting direct translation to causal insights.

More Related Videos

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

267
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.2K
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

267
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Causal Inference

Background:

  • Family-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are proposed as a method to gain causal knowledge.
  • Previous research suggests GWASs can identify genetic associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of family-based GWASs in generating second-generation causal knowledge.
  • To compare the utility of GWASs with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for causal inference.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of family-based GWASs and RCTs.
  • Examination of the nature of causal stimuli assessed in both study designs.

Main Results:

  • Family-based GWASs involve highly heterogeneous causal stimuli.
  • RCTs typically involve homogenous causal stimuli (treatments).
  • The heterogeneity in GWAS stimuli limits direct translation to causal knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Optimism regarding family-based GWASs for causal knowledge is tempered.
  • Significant differences between GWASs and RCTs hinder the direct generation of second-generation causal knowledge from GWAS findings.