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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
213
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

478
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
478
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

354
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
354
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

285
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Ulcerative Colitis in Adults: A Review.

Beatriz Gros1,2, Gilaad G Kaplan3

  • 1IBD Edinburgh Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) affects 400 per 100,000 people, impairing quality of life and increasing cancer risk. Advanced therapies offer new treatment options for moderate to severe UC, improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Colorectal Cancer Research

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory colon condition with over 400 per 100,000 prevalence in North America.
  • UC significantly reduces quality of life due to chronic diarrhea and rectal bleeding, and increases colectomy and colorectal cancer risks.

Approach:

  • Risk stratification using Montreal Classification and Mayo Score guides UC management.
  • Monitoring of symptoms and inflammation biomarkers like fecal calprotectin is essential.
  • Colonoscopy surveillance for dysplasia is recommended 8 years post-diagnosis.

Key Points:

  • Mild to moderate UC responds to 5-aminosalicylic acid.
  • Moderate to severe UC requires advanced therapies: TNF inhibitors, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, tofacitinib, or ozanimod.
  • Despite treatments, 20% of UC patients are hospitalized within 5 years, and colectomy rates are around 7%.

Conclusions:

  • UC poses a 4.5% risk of colorectal cancer after 20 years, a 1.7-fold increase compared to the general population.
  • Life expectancy for UC patients is approximately 5 years shorter than for those without the condition.
  • Advanced therapies targeting specific inflammatory pathways are crucial for managing moderate to severe UC.