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Paternal effects on fetal programming.

Carl Robertson Dahlen1, Samat Amat2, Joel S Caton1

  • 1Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.

Animal Reproduction
|September 13, 2023
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Summary

Paternal programming shows how a father's experiences can change his semen, impacting offspring traits through epigenetic changes and other factors. This understanding is key for livestock productivity.

Keywords:
epigeneticsfetal programmingoffspring outcomespaternal programmingsire

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Paternal programming describes how sire experiences influence offspring phenotype via semen.
  • Mechanisms include epigenetic signatures, oxidative stress, cytokines, and the seminal microbiome.
  • Sperm are susceptible to environmental influences throughout development and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of nutrition and growth rates on paternal programming in bulls and rams.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms of paternal programming in livestock.
  • To assess the impact of paternal programming on subsequent offspring outcomes and productivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on paternal programming in rodents and livestock.
  • Analysis of epigenetic signatures, oxidative stress, cytokine profiles, and microbiome composition in sperm/seminal plasma.
  • Focus on common management scenarios like plane of nutrition and growth rates in cattle and sheep.

Main Results:

  • Paternal programming is influenced by nutrition, stress, age, and environmental exposures.
  • Evidence suggests programming effects can occur pre-fertilization and persist post-natally.
  • Livestock research indicates alterations in epigenetic, oxidative stress, cytokine, and microbiome profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal programming has significant implications for livestock productivity and profitability.
  • Management decisions regarding sire nutrition and growth impact future generations.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate paternal programming mechanisms and their long-term effects.