Neuro-Sweet Syndrome: A Diagnostic Conundrum

Sweet Syndrome presents as acute fever, leucocytosis and characteristic skin plaques. It can involve many organ systems but rarely affects the nervous system. We report the case of a 51-year-old female that presented with fever, rash, headache and encephalopathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive T2 hyperintensities involving cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem. A skin biopsy revealed dermal infiltration by neutrophils consistent with Sweet Syndrome. She started steroid treatment with a good clinical response. Further questioning revealed that she had a similar episode 10 years prior that had been diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Neuro-Sweet Syndrome can present with a great array of symptoms and relapses over long periods of time making the diagnosis difficult without a high degree of suspicion. Clinicians should consider this syndrome in the setting of acute encephalitis with white matter lesions that are highly responsive to steroids particularly in the presence of previous similar symptoms.