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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner
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Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner

Published on: June 6, 2025

104

Proximal interphalangeal joint dislocations and fracture-dislocations.

Gregory P Kolovich1, John J Heifner2

  • 1Optim Orthopaedics, Savannah, GA, USA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
|September 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Proximal interphalangeal fracture-dislocations are complex hand injuries. Managing these challenging injuries requires understanding diverse fracture patterns and treatment options for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
Hand surgeryPIP jointfinger dislocationfinger fractureproximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocation

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations are common hand injuries.
  • PIP fracture-dislocations present a significant management challenge compared to simple dislocations.
  • Fracture patterns vary widely, from simple avulsions to complex pilon fractures, complicating treatment and prediction of outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentations of PIP joint dislocations and fracture-dislocations.
  • To categorize the diverse patterns of PIP fracture-dislocations.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies and potential complications associated with these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PIP joint injuries.
  • Analysis of fracture patterns and classification systems.
  • Discussion of surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • PIP fracture-dislocations are significantly more complex than simple dislocations.
  • Treatment difficulty correlates with fracture pattern complexity and stability.
  • Subacute or chronic presentations further increase management challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of PIP fracture-dislocations necessitates a thorough understanding of injury patterns.
  • Treatment selection depends on fracture characteristics, stability, and chronicity.
  • Anticipating and managing potential complications is crucial for favorable patient outcomes.