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Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer

Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer

Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...

Sites for measruring blood pressure

Sites for measruring blood pressure

Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Published on: December 3, 2016

How Do Everyday Life Activities Affect Seating Pressure Measurements?

Clara Oette¹, Roy Müller^2,3, Lucas Schreff^1,3

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany.

International Journal of Spine Surgery

|September 13, 2023

Summary

Pressure measurements in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) are stable after 30 minutes, regardless of postural changes. Regular, sustained relief maneuvers are crucial for tissue health.

Keywords:

pressure mapping pressure ulcer spinal cord injury wheelchair

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

Published on: December 3, 2016

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

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Published on: May 27, 2020

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Rehabilitation Medicine
Clinical Biomechanics

Background:

Pressure mapping is vital for identifying pressure injury risks in spinal cord injury (SCI) wheelchair users.
Limited understanding exists regarding how daily postural changes influence pressure measurement outcomes over time.
Authors hypothesized that active postural adjustments would significantly alter pressure distribution and center of pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the stability of seat pressure measurements in SCI wheelchair users over a 90-minute period.
To determine if active postural changes influence the reliability of pressure mapping data.
To assess the consistency of pressure parameters like mean pressure, maximum pressure, and center of pressure coordinates.

Main Methods:

Utilized a BodiTrak2 seat pressure mat for measurements on 34 SCI wheelchair users.
Collected data at initial transfer, 30 minutes, and 90 minutes post-transfer.
Analyzed mean pressure, maximum pressure, pressure-loaded surface area, and center of pressure coordinates, with statistical analysis using t-tests and ICC.

Main Results:

Significant differences were observed between initial measurements and those at 30 and 90 minutes.
Pressure measurement parameters demonstrated stability from 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
Reference weight measurements confirmed the observed measurement course and stability.

Conclusions:

Contrary to expectations, pressure measurements at 30 and 90 minutes were consistent.
Participant activity between measurements did not significantly impact the stability of pressure readings.
Effective pressure relief requires frequent and sustained maneuvers to ensure adequate tissue blood flow.