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    This study explores fiber optic sensors. Etched single-mode and multimode fiber fusion structures show enhanced sensing performance due to increased evanescent waves, indicating potential for future optical fiber sensors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Optical fiber sensors are crucial for various applications.
    • Single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF) fusion structures offer unique sensing properties.
    • Optimizing these structures is key to improving sensing performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the fabrication and sensing performance of SMF-MMF-SMF fusion structures.
    • To analyze the impact of MMF length and fiber etching on sensor performance.
    • To identify optimal configurations for enhanced optical fiber sensing.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of fusion structures combining SMF and MMF with varying cladding diameters.
    • Experimental analysis of transmitted intensity measurements.
    • Evaluation of the effects of MMF length and chemical etching on fiber performance.

    Main Results:

    • The single-mode fiber-multimode fiber-single-mode fiber (SMF-MMF-SMF) structure demonstrated superior sensing capabilities.
    • Etched optical fibers exhibited significantly better sensing performance compared to non-etched fibers.
    • Reduced fiber diameters in etched structures led to increased evanescent wave generation, enhancing sensing.

    Conclusions:

    • The optimized SMF-MMF-SMF fusion structure, particularly when etched, offers enhanced sensing performance.
    • The generation of evanescent waves is critical for improving sensor sensitivity.
    • The proposed fiber optic sensor design holds significant potential for future development and applications.