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Measuring laser-speckle statistics in scaled-laboratory experiments.

Wesley Barnes, Hongrok Chang, Mark F Spencer

    Applied Optics
    |September 14, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers developed new formulas to accurately generate speckle patterns in laboratory settings. This work addresses challenges in laser applications by improving the repeatability of speckle statistics for experimental validation.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Experimental Physics

    Background:

    • Accurate generation of fully developed speckle is crucial for validating theoretical and numerical predictions in laser-based applications.
    • Experimental limitations such as camera pixel sampling, sensor noise, and cover-glass etaloning hinder the straightforward matching of speckle statistics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop expressions for speckle probability density function (PDF) and speckle contrast that account for experimental limitations.
    • To provide a method for achieving repeatable, fully developed speckle statistics in scaled laboratory experiments.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of analytical expressions for speckle PDF and contrast, incorporating camera-pixel sampling and additive Gaussian noise.
    • Validation of derived expressions using wave-optics simulations that include cover-glass etaloning effects.

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  • Experimental setup designed to minimize cover-glass etaloning effects for direct comparison with theoretical models.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed expressions accurately predict speckle PDF and contrast under the influence of pixel sampling and additive noise.
    • Wave-optics simulations confirmed the validity of the derived expressions, even when considering cover-glass etaloning.
    • Experimental results demonstrated excellent agreement with the developed theoretical expressions for speckle statistics.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived expressions provide a reliable method for generating fully developed speckle with matched statistics.
    • This work overcomes key experimental challenges, enabling more accurate validation of laser-based application predictions.
    • Future scaled-laboratory experiments can now achieve repeatable speckle statistics more straightforwardly.