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    This study demonstrates a novel speckle-based decoding method for non-line-of-sight free space optical communication. The technique enables directional-independent, one-to-three broadcasting using structured light, achieving high accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical communication
    • Free-space optics
    • Signal processing

    Background:

    • Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication presents challenges for free-space optical (FSO) systems.
    • Traditional FSO requires direct line-of-sight, limiting deployment flexibility.
    • Structured light offers potential for novel FSO communication paradigms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a proof of concept for speckle-based decoding (SBD) in one-to-three NLOS FSO communication channels.
    • To investigate the use of structured light shift-keying for enhanced FSO capabilities.
    • To evaluate the performance of SBD using different types of structured light beams.

    Main Methods:

    • Encoding a 3-bit gray image into Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) or Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beams.
    • Decoding the image using intensity speckle patterns from the structured light beams.
    • Utilizing a trained 1D convolutional neural network for image classification and decoding.
    • Extending the SBD approach from 2D to 1D to reduce computational cost.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved average classification accuracy of 96% for LG beams and 93% for HG beams across three NLOS channels.
    • Demonstrated directional independence and broadcasting capability of SBD in FSO communication.
    • Successfully implemented 1D SBD for one-to-three NLOS FSO, reducing computational load.

    Conclusions:

    • Speckle-based decoding with structured light is a viable technique for one-to-three NLOS FSO communication.
    • The method offers directional independence and broadcasting capabilities, overcoming line-of-sight limitations.
    • 1D SBD provides an efficient approach for NLOS FSO systems, reducing computational requirements.