Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application

10.8K
A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
10.8K
Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

187
Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
The velocity of a mass element comprises its translational velocity and the relative velocity instigated by the body's rotation. Substituting the velocity equation into...
187
Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

6.1K
Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
6.1K
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

10.2K
A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
10.2K
Angular Momentum and Principle Axes of Inertia01:09

Angular Momentum and Principle Axes of Inertia

191
The concept of angular momentum for a solid structure is illustrated as the cumulative result of the cross-product of the position vector of the mass element and the cross-product of the body's angular velocity with the position vector.
To put this equation into simpler terms, it can be reconfigured using rectangular coordinates. This involves choosing an alternative set of XYZ axes that are arbitrarily inclined with respect to the reference frame. The process of deriving the rectangular...
191
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

3.3K
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantitative evaluation of bone remodelling after decompression of maxillofacial cysts using fractal analysis: A prospective cohort study.

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Roadmap on singular optics and its applications.

Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics·2026
Same author

Mapping 2D spatial structured light information onto 1D temporal speckle sequences.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Adjunctive use of posaconazole, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and methylene blue for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery·2025
Same author

Role of decompression in pediatric mandibular odontogenic keratocyst.

National journal of maxillofacial surgery·2025
Same author

1D speckle-learned structured light recognition.

Optics letters·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
08:01

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

7.0K

Machine-learning-assisted orbital angular momentum recognition using nanostructures.

Chayanika Sharma, Purnesh Singh Badavath, P Supraja

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |January 31, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces alignment-free orbital angular momentum (OAM) recognition using speckle patterns generated by micro- to nanostructures. This method achieves over 92% accuracy across near-field and far-field regions.

    More Related Videos

    Easy and Accurate Mechano-profiling on Micropost Arrays
    10:25

    Easy and Accurate Mechano-profiling on Micropost Arrays

    Published on: November 17, 2015

    11.1K
    Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
    11:41

    Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

    Published on: May 19, 2014

    23.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 30, 2025

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.0K
    Easy and Accurate Mechano-profiling on Micropost Arrays
    10:25

    Easy and Accurate Mechano-profiling on Micropost Arrays

    Published on: November 17, 2015

    11.1K
    Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
    11:41

    Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

    Published on: May 19, 2014

    23.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Communication
    • Machine Learning for Optics

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) recognition is crucial for optical communication.
    • Existing OAM recognition methods require precise alignment, limiting practical applications.
    • Previous speckle-based methods offer transverse alignment freedom but are limited to the far-field.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an alignment-free OAM recognition technique using speckle patterns generated by micro- and nanostructures.
    • To extend OAM recognition capabilities to both near-field and far-field regimes.
    • To demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning in analyzing OAM speckle fields.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated the dynamic evolution of OAM speckle fields from near to far field using micron-scale ground glass diffusers.
    • Utilized randomly grown ZnO nanosheets on an aluminum substrate as nanostructures.
    • Trained and tested a three-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) on OAM speckle fields for recognition.

    Main Results:

    • Speckle patterns generated by micro- and nanostructures enable OAM recognition with relaxed alignment requirements in both transverse and propagation directions.
    • OAM speckle field evolution was analyzed from near-field to far-field.
    • The CNN achieved over 92% accuracy in OAM recognition across all tested regimes.

    Conclusions:

    • Speckle-learned OAM recognition with micro- to nanostructures offers a robust and versatile solution for optical communication.
    • The technique significantly reduces alignment sensitivity, enhancing practical implementation.
    • This approach broadens the applicability of OAM recognition across near-field to far-field propagation distances.