One-step selective layer assemble: A versatile approach for the development of a SARS-CoV-2 electrochemical...

The appearance of new viruses and diseases has made the development of rapid and reliable diagnostic tests crucial. In light of it, we proposed a new method for assembling an electrochemical immunosensor, based on a one-step approach for selective layer formation. For this purpose, a mixture containing the immobilizing agent (polyxydroxybutyrate, PHB) and the recognition element (antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein) was prepared and used to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode with electrodeposited graphene oxide, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein). Under optimum conditions, N-protein was successfully detected in three different matrixes - saliva, serum, and nasal swab, with the lowest detectable values of 50 pg mL^-1, 1.0 ng mL^-1, and 50 pg mL^-1, respectively. Selectivity was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protein (RBD) and antibodies against yellow fever (YF), and no significant response was observed in presence of interferents, reinforcing the suitability of the proposed one-step approach for selective layer formation. The proposed biosensor was stable for up to 14 days, and the mixture was suitable for immunosensor preparation even after 60 days of preparation. The proposed assembly strategy reduces the cost, analysis time, and waste generation. This reduction is achieved through miniaturization, which results in the decreased use of reagents and sample volumes. Additionally, this approach enables healthcare diagnostics to be conducted in developing regions with limited resources. Therefore, the proposed one-step approach for selective layer formation is a suitable, simpler, and a reliable alternative for electrochemical immunosensing.