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    A new digital-coding metasurface (DCM) method using chirp Z-transform (CZT) accurately estimates far-field patterns, even with arbitrary element periods. This flexible DCM-CZT approach offers faster calculations and improved resolution for wireless communications and radar.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetics and Metamaterials
    • Signal Processing
    • Computational Physics

    Background:

    • Far-field pattern calculation is crucial for designing digital-coding metasurfaces (DCMs).
    • Traditional methods like discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can introduce errors, especially with arbitrary element periods and exhibit fence effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel, fast, and flexible estimation method for DCM far-field patterns.
    • To overcome limitations of existing methods regarding accuracy, speed, and partial pattern calculation.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed the DCM-CZT method, leveraging the convolution property of chirp Z-transform (CZT).
    • Utilized fast Fourier transform (FFT) for accelerating CZT calculations.
    • Enabled calculation of partial far-field patterns for specific orientations, enhancing spatial resolution.

    Main Results:

    • The DCM-CZT method accurately estimates far-field patterns for arbitrary element periods, outperforming DFT.
    • Demonstrated improved partial space-resolution, mitigating calculation errors from the fence effect.
    • Results show excellent agreement with full-wave simulations and experimental measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The DCM-CZT method provides a computationally efficient and accurate alternative for DCM far-field pattern analysis.
    • This method offers significant advantages over DFT, particularly for non-uniform element periods.
    • The DCM-CZT method holds strong potential for applications in wireless communications and radar detection systems.