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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

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For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties
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Developing efficient deep learning model for predicting copolymer properties.

Himanshu1, Kaushik Chakraborty1, Tarak K Patra1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Atomistic Modeling and Materials Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, TN 600036, India. tpatra@iitm.ac.in.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep learning models can predict polymer properties but require optimal architecture and sufficient data. This study presents methods for efficient deep learning model development using minimal data and hyperparameters for polymer science.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Deep learning models show promise for predicting polymer properties.
  • Model performance depends heavily on network topology and training data volume.
  • Lack of standardized protocols for architecture selection and limited homogeneous polymer data hinder development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address bottlenecks in deep learning model development for polymers.
  • To propose strategies for efficient model creation with minimal data and hyperparameters.
  • To assess the impact of topology and data volume on model performance.

Main Methods:

  • Linear layer-by-layer expansion to identify optimal neural network topology.
  • Feature extraction to map discrete polymer sequences to a continuous latent space.
  • Implementation for predicting copolymer radius of gyration and copolymer compatibilizer properties.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a method to systematically identify suitable deep learning architectures.
  • Developed a technique to reduce the data requirements for training polymer models.
  • Successfully applied the methods to predict specific sequence-defined polymer properties.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient deep learning models for polymer property prediction can be built with minimal data and hyperparameters.
  • The proposed strategies overcome key limitations in current deep learning applications for polymers.
  • This work facilitates the rapid development of predictive models in polymer science.