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A solenoid injector based drop-on-demand system for generating large droplets.

Veli Can Coşar1, Onur Şen1, Özgür Ertunç1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Ozyegin University, Istanbul 34794, Türkiye.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a drop-on-demand (DOD) system using a solenoid injector to create highly repeatable 2mm droplets. The system demonstrates consistent droplet generation with less than 5% diameter variation, validated by simulations and experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Drop-on-demand (DOD) systems are crucial for precise fluid handling.
  • Existing DOD systems often face challenges in achieving consistent droplet size and repeatability.
  • Automotive solenoid injectors offer a potential low-cost component for DOD systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel drop-on-demand (DOD) system for generating highly repeatable 2mm droplets.
  • To investigate the design methodology, operational parameters, and performance of a solenoid-based DOD system.
  • To optimize nozzle geometry and control signals for monodisperse droplet generation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an on-the-shelf automotive solenoid injector modified for DOD applications.

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  • Employed numerical simulations and experimental measurements to analyze droplet generation dynamics.
  • Designed and tested various nozzle geometries, focusing on contracting nozzle designs.
  • Implemented a pulse width modulated signal generator for precise control of droplet ejection.
  • Applied a coherent circular Hough transform algorithm for accurate droplet size measurement and repeatability analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully generated single droplets with diameters ranging from 1.68-2.07 mm.
    • Achieved high repeatability with a standard deviation of measured diameters less than 5% of the mean.
    • Identified an optimal operating window based on supply pressure, injection duration, and nozzle orifice diameter.
    • Revealed the dependence of droplet formation on the closing speed of the solenoid injector through flow simulations.
    • Validated the consistency and repeatability of the developed DOD system through numerical and experimental results.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DOD system, utilizing a modified solenoid injector and optimized nozzle design, effectively produces highly repeatable 2mm droplets.
    • The system's performance is consistent and predictable within the identified operating window.
    • This technology offers a cost-effective and reliable solution for applications requiring precise droplet generation.