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Demonstration Projects to Test Built Environment Changes: A Systematic Review.
Laura E Balis1, Gwenndolyn Porter, Michelle Grocke-Dewey
1Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, Nebraska (Dr Balis); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (Dr Porter); and Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (Dr Grocke-Dewey).
Demonstration projects for built environment changes show effectiveness and community acceptance but rarely lead to permanent infrastructure improvements. More guidance is needed for robust data collection on physical activity impacts.
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Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Urban Planning
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Built environment interventions aim to increase physical activity by making healthy choices default.
- Demonstration projects test these interventions before permanent implementation, but their long-term impact is unclear.
Approach:
- Systematic review of peer-reviewed and gray literature (March-September 2022).
- Included policy, systems, or environmental interventions with temporary implementation and evaluation data.
- Utilized the expanded RE-AIM framework and Implementation Outcomes Framework for data extraction.
Key Points:
- 31 unique demonstration projects evaluated, focusing on traffic calming, pedestrian/bicycle infrastructure.
- Projects primarily reported effectiveness (e.g., improved safety), acceptability, and appropriateness.
- Most projects did not result in permanent built environment changes.
Conclusions:
- Overall public health impacts are unknown due to inconsistent reporting of reach and physical activity changes.
- Community feedback was generally positive, but long-term change impact remains uncertain.
- Improved guidance for demonstration projects is recommended to enhance data collection and evaluation.