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Which Identities Are Concealable? Individual Differences in Concealability.

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  • 1Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

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People’s experiences of identity concealability vary significantly across individuals and specific identities. These personal differences impact how often and how effectively people manage their identities through concealment.

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concealmentidentityindividual differencesintergroup relationsstigma

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Identity Management
  • Intergroup Relations

Background:

  • Concealment is a prevalent identity management strategy with significant social consequences.
  • Understanding which identities are concealable is crucial for intergroup research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in the concealability of various identities.
  • To determine if these individual differences predict the frequency and effectiveness of identity concealment.

Main Methods:

  • Five studies were conducted with a total of 933 participants (468 in Studies 1-3, 465 in Studies 4-5).
  • Data were collected through surveys assessing perceived identity concealability and concealment behaviors.
  • Statistical analyses examined Person × Identity interactions and predictive relationships.

Main Results:

  • Substantial individual differences exist in the perceived concealability of specific identities.
  • These differences manifest as Person × Identity interactions, highlighting unique experiences.
  • Individual variations in concealability significantly predicted the frequency and efficacy of concealment behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • It is inaccurate to categorize entire identity groups as inherently concealable or conspicuous.
  • Researchers should acknowledge and investigate the subjective and variable nature of identity concealability.
  • Understanding individual experiences of concealability is vital for advancing intergroup research.