Golimumab-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): a case-based review

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state which is characterized by seizures, headache, visual disturbances, paresis, and altered mental status. Golimumab is anti-tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (anti-TNF-α) that can be used in the treatment of rheumatologic diseases. Here, we present a patient who had developed PRES after golimumab treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A 45-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency service with a newly onset severe headache, loss of vision in both eyes, and two generalized tonic-clonic seizures that lasted for 3 to 4 min. The patient had the diagnoses of AS for 12 years and hypertension for 3 years and receiving golimumab and carvedilol. The patient was diagnosed with PRES based on the current clinical and diffusion cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. On suspicion of being the trigger of this situation, golimumab was stopped. After starting anti-convulsant therapy and controlling blood pressure, the neurological findings recovered rapidly and no seizures were seen. Control MRI images, in the first month's visit, were normal. Although chemotherapeutic agents are well-known causes of PRES, there are few reported cases with anti-TNF-α agents in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case that developed PRES after golimumab. Demyelinating diseases are the most frightening neurologic complication of anti-TNF-α treatment; however, PRES should come to mind in patients presenting with neurological symptoms.