Micro-Droplets Parameters Monitoring in a Microfluidic Chip via Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator

The monitoring of micro-droplets parameters is significant to the development of droplet microfluidics. However, existing monitoring methods have drawbacks such as high cost, interference with droplet movement, and even the potential for cross-contamination. Herein, a micro-droplets monitoring method (MDMM) based on liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (LS-TENG) is proposed, which can realize non-invasive and self-powered monitoring of micro-droplets in a microfluidic chip. The droplet frequency is monitored by voltage pulse frequency and a mathematical model is established to monitor the droplet length and velocity. Furthermore, this work constructs micro-droplets sensor (MDS) based on the MDMM to carry out the experiment. The coefficients of determination (R² ) of the fitting curves of the micro-droplets frequency, length, and velocity monitoring are 0.998, 0.997, and 0.995, respectively. To prove the universal applicability of the MDMM, the micro-droplets generated by different liquid media and channel structures are monitored. Eventually, a micro-droplet monitoring system is built, which can realize the counting of micro-droplets and the monitoring of droplet frequency and length. This work provides a novel approach for monitoring micro-droplets parameters, which holds the potential to advance developments in the field of microfluidics.