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Apollo Rising: Acute Conjunctivitis Outbreak in India, 2022.
N Venkatesh Prajna1, Lalitha Prajna1, Vishnu Teja1
1Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.
Cornea Open
|September 18, 2023
Summary
The 2022 conjunctivitis outbreak in Tamil Nadu was caused by co-circulating Coxsackievirus A24v and Human Adenovirus D. This study highlights the utility of metagenomic sequencing for identifying pathogens during infectious disease outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Conjunctivitis outbreaks pose a significant public health challenge.
- Accurate and rapid pathogen identification is crucial for effective outbreak control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the causative agents of the 2022 conjunctivitis outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India.
- To investigate the co-circulation of different viral pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study involving patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis.
- Collection and processing of anterior nares and conjunctival samples.
- Metagenomic RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) for pathogen detection.
Main Results:
- Pathogens were identified in 97% of sequenced patients (28/29).
- Coxsackievirus A24v was the predominant pathogen (23/29), followed by Human Adenovirus D (5/29).
- Hemorrhagic conjunctiva was observed in patients infected with both viruses, though not the predominant symptom.
Conclusions:
- Coxsackievirus A24v and Human Adenovirus D were co-circulating during the 2022 outbreak.
- Clinical presentations were similar for both viral infections.
- Metagenomic sequencing offers a valuable tool for unbiased pathogen surveillance in outbreaks.
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