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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Photogrammetry of Perfusion-Fixed Heart: Innovative Approach to Study 3-Dimensional Cardiac Anatomy
Takanori Sato1, Peter Hanna1, Olujimi A Ajijola1
1University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Abstract:
Photogrammetry generates a 3-dimensional high-resolution model from multiple 2-dimensional photographs. Herein, we demonstrate a photogrammetry of a perfusion-fixed cardiac sample around the left ventricular summit. The single photogrammetric model can be observed from almost all directions and illustrates important anatomical features for the general cardiologist. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).

