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Optimal lameness induction model development using amphotericin B in meat goats.

Mikaela M Weeder1, Michael D Kleinhenz1, Emily J Reppert1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan KS 66502, USA.

Translational Animal Science
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified the optimal dose of Amphotericin B (amp B) for inducing lameness in goats, establishing a reliable model for pain research. A Goat Grimace Scale (GGS) was also developed to assess pain in these animals.

Keywords:
amp Bgoatgrimace scalelamenesspain

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Animal Welfare
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lameness is a significant concern in goat production, impacting animal health and welfare.
  • Amphotericin B (amp B) has been previously used to induce transient lameness in livestock for research.
  • Developing reliable models for lameness induction is crucial for studying pain and evaluating interventions in goats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the most effective dose of amp B for inducing lameness in meat-type goats.
  • To develop and validate a facial grimace scale (Goat Grimace Scale - GGS) for assessing pain in goats.
  • To establish a repeatable lameness induction model for future goat research.

Main Methods:

  • Intra-articular injection of varying doses of amp B (5 mg/0.25 mL, 5 mg/0.5 mL, 2.5 mg/0.25 mL) or saline control into the distal interphalangeal joint.
  • Assessment of lameness using infrared thermography (IRT), mechanical nociception threshold (MNT), visual lameness scoring (VLS), visual analogue scale (VAS), kinetic gait analysis (KGA), plasma cortisol (CORT), substance P (Sub P), and behavior scoring.
  • Development of the Goat Grimace Scale (GGS) based on observed facial expressions.

Main Results:

  • The high-low (HL) dose of amp B (5 mg/0.25 mL) was most effective in inducing lameness (6/6 goats), compared to high-high (HH, 4/6) and low-low (LL, 2/6).
  • VAS scores were significantly higher in the HL group at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-injection.
  • Facial grimacing, indicative of pain, was significantly increased at 24 hours post-induction, supporting the development of the GGS.

Conclusions:

  • The high-low dose of Amphotericin B provides an effective and repeatable method for inducing lameness in meat-type goats.
  • The developed Goat Grimace Scale (GGS) is a valuable tool for objectively assessing pain and distress in goats.
  • This study establishes a robust model for lameness research in goats, aiding in the understanding and management of pain in this species.