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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Towards multifunctional robotic pills.

Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe1, Nelly Askarinam1, Ronnie H Fang1

  • 1Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Nature Biomedical Engineering
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Robotic pills combine oral drug delivery advantages with microrobotic systems. This technology enables sophisticated, multifunctional pills for precise drug delivery and closed-loop therapeutic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Microrobotics

Background:

  • Robotic pills integrate benefits of oral formulations (e.g., patient compliance, ease of manufacturing) with advanced microrobotic capabilities.
  • Current microrobotic systems are increasingly sophisticated, miniaturized, and multifunctional.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of innovations in robotic pill development.
  • To summarize the progress and application gaps of robotic pill technology.
  • To discuss the future prospects of multifunctional robotic pills.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major innovations in robotic pill development, focusing on microneedles, microinjectors, microstirrers, and microrockets.
  • Analysis of current technological progress and identified application gaps.
  • Discussion of future potential and integration strategies.

Main Results:

  • Robotic pills embed microrobotic functions like microneedles, microinjectors, microstirrers, or microrockets.
  • Significant progress has been made, but specific application gaps remain.
  • Integration of multiple functions and controlled release is key.

Conclusions:

  • Multifunctional robotic pills offer advanced oral drug delivery solutions.
  • Accurate control over payload release and integration of diverse microrobotic functions are crucial.
  • These systems can operate as sophisticated closed-loop therapeutic devices.