Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Phase Changes

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Isothermal Processes

Isothermal Processes

A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dislocation-Enhanced Pyroelectricity in Barium Titanate.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025

Same author

Identifying grain boundary and intragranular pinning centres in Sm<sub>2</sub>(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)<sub>17</sub> permanent magnets to guide performance optimisation.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

ML-extendable framework for multiphysics-multiscale simulation workflow and data management using Kadi4Mat.

Scientific data·2025

Same author

Boosting Coercivity of 3D Printed Hard Magnets through Nano-Modification of the Powder Feedstock.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024

Same author

Chemomechanical damage prediction from phase-field simulation video sequences using a deep-learning-based methodology.

iScience·2024

Same author

Dislocation Density-Mediated Functionality in Single-Crystal BaTiO<sub>3</sub>.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Published on: May 2, 2016

Variational quantitative phase-field modeling of nonisothermal sintering process.

Timileyin David Oyedeji¹, Yangyiwei Yang¹, Herbert Egger²

¹Mechanics of Functional Materials Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.

Physical Review. E

|September 19, 2023

Summary

This study introduces a new variational phase-field model for nonisothermal sintering, overcoming artificial interface effects and ensuring thermodynamic validity for accurate pore-structure evolution modeling.

More Related Videos

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Published on: May 2, 2016

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Computational Materials Science
Thermodynamics

Background:

Phase-field modeling is crucial for simulating sintering but faces challenges with quantitative accuracy and artificial interface effects.
Existing models struggle with the asymmetric mass and thermal properties at solid-pore interfaces in nonisothermal sintering.
Prescribed anti-trapping terms can compromise the thermodynamic variational nature of models.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a variational and quantitative phase-field model for nonisothermal sintering processes.
To address artificial interface effects and ensure thermodynamic validity.
To accurately capture the interplay between mass/thermal transfer and grain growth.

Main Methods:

Developed an extended non-diagonal phase-field model for nonisothermal sintering.
Incorporated naturally cross-coupled terms between conserved (mass, thermal) and non-conserved (grain growth) kinetics.
Utilized asymptotic analysis to verify the elimination of interface artifacts and preservation of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Introduced an anisotropic interpolation scheme for kinetic mobilities.

Main Results:

The developed model eliminates interface artifacts without altering thermodynamic equilibrium.
Cross-coupling terms are shown to be crucial for accurate simulation of sintering.
Demonstrated the direction-dependent nature of trapping effects and surface diffusion.
Anisotropic interpolation of kinetic mobilities is essential for capturing thermal-microstructural evolution.

Conclusions:

The new variational phase-field model provides a quantitatively valid approach for nonisothermal sintering.
The model accurately captures complex thermal-microstructural evolutions by addressing interface phenomena.
This work advances the application of phase-field modeling in materials processing.