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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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[A case report of ocular monkeypox].

Y Q Wang1, L Liang2, W Zhong3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
|September 19, 2023
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Summary

A man with severe immunodeficiency presented with eye lesions and was diagnosed with monkeypox (MPX). This case highlights MPX in an immunocompromised individual with co-infections like HIV and syphilis.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The increasing prevalence of monkeypox (MPX) necessitates understanding its varied clinical presentations, especially in immunocompromised populations.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis can significantly alter the course and manifestation of other infectious diseases.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male with a CD4 count of 2 cells/μl presented with a three-week history of right eye difficulty opening and progressive periorbital lesions.
  • The patient reported unprotected sexual contact approximately one month prior to symptom onset, with initial lesion appearing as a papule near the eye.

Findings:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing confirmed monkeypox virus in lesion samples.
  • The patient was co-diagnosed with active HIV and syphilis infections, underscoring the complex interplay of these conditions.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for severe ocular manifestations of monkeypox in severely immunocompromised individuals.
  • Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for managing MPX in patients with advanced HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.
  • Co-infections can complicate the clinical picture and treatment strategies for monkeypox.