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Network controllability of structural connectomes in the neonatal brain.

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Brain network controllability emerges in the third trimester and develops rapidly, supporting cognitive function. Preterm birth disrupts this development, impacting future cognitive abilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Network Science

Background:

  • White matter connectivity is crucial for cognitive function by constraining brain activity.
  • Network controllability quantifies the brain's ability to transition between mental states.
  • Early brain development and the impact of preterm birth on network function are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of network controllability in the perinatal period.
  • To examine the effects of preterm birth on infant brain network controllability.
  • To explore the association between early network controllability and later cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion MRI to assess white matter connectivity in 521 neonates.
  • Calculated network controllability metrics from structural connectivity data.
  • Correlated birth controllability with cognitive assessments at 18 months of age.

Main Results:

  • Elements of network controllability are present by the third trimester and develop rapidly post-birth.
  • Preterm birth significantly alters brain network development and the energy required for state transitions.
  • Higher network controllability at birth predicts better cognitive outcomes at 18 months.

Conclusions:

  • Network controllability is a rapidly developing property of the infant brain crucial for cognitive development.
  • Preterm birth poses a risk to the normal development of brain network controllability.
  • Early network controllability may serve as a biomarker for predicting cognitive trajectories.