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Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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Cardiac output changes secondary to theophylline therapy in preterm infants

F J Walther, M E Sims, B Siassi

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Theophylline (aminophylline) increases cardiac output and heart rate in preterm infants, with effects on stroke volume lasting several days. Further research is needed on the metabolic impact of these cardiovascular changes.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Pediatric Cardiology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Theophylline is commonly used to treat apnea of prematurity.
    • Its cardiovascular effects in stable preterm infants require detailed investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the cardiovascular impact of theophylline therapy in clinically stable preterm infants.
    • To quantify changes in cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate during theophylline treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • 11 stable preterm infants received intravenous aminophylline.
    • Cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate were measured using Doppler ultrasound and echocardiography.
    • Measurements were taken at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 of treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Cardiac output and stroke volume significantly increased during the first 3 days of therapy (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02, respectively).
    • Stroke volume returned to baseline by day 7, while cardiac output remained elevated.
    • Heart rate significantly increased throughout the treatment period (P < 0.01).
    • Mean arterial blood pressure showed no significant change.

    Conclusions:

    • Theophylline exhibits both inotropic and chronotropic effects in preterm infants during early treatment.
    • The increased metabolic demand associated with elevated cardiac output warrants further investigation.

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