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Mapping biocrust distribution in China's drylands under changing climate.

Dexun Qiu1, Matthew A Bowker2, Bo Xiao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University/Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China/Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 20, 2023
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Summary

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) regulate dryland ecosystems but are hard to map. This study created China

Keywords:
Biological soil crustClimate changeDrylandSpatial distributionSpatial prediction modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Dryland Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Climate Change Impact

Background:

  • Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are crucial for dryland ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • Current remote sensing struggles to accurately map biocrust distribution, hindering risk assessment.
  • Lack of reliable biocrust spatial data limits understanding of dryland ecosystem tipping points.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To indirectly map biocrust distribution across China's drylands using spatial prediction modeling.
  • To identify key environmental factors influencing biocrust occurrence and habitat.
  • To project the impact of climate change on biocrust cover by 2050.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 379 biocrust occurrence points and high-resolution soil and environmental data.
  • Employed spatial prediction modeling to generate a high-resolution biocrust distribution map (250 × 250 m).
  • Analyzed the influence of soil properties, aridity, and altitude on biocrust distribution.

Main Results:

  • Biocrusts currently cover 13.9% of China's drylands, with moss-, lichen-, and cyanobacterial-dominated types varying in coverage.
  • Favorable habitats identified as arenosols with low gravel/nitrogen, specific drought index (0.54), and ~500m altitude.
  • Climate change is projected to reduce biocrust cover by 5.5%-9.0% by 2050, with lichen biocrusts being particularly vulnerable (up to 19.0% reduction).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first high-resolution biocrust map for China's drylands and a novel mapping approach.
  • Biocrust distribution is significantly influenced by soil properties, aridity, and altitude.
  • Climate change poses a substantial threat to biocrusts, necessitating their inclusion in Earth system models for accurate climate impact assessments.