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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

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Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips
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Pharmacotherapy before and after bariatric surgery.

Khaled Alabduljabbar1, Carel W le Roux2

  • 1Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|September 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacotherapy is increasingly vital for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes alongside bariatric surgery. Preoperative medication optimizes patients, while postoperative use enhances weight loss and metabolic health.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryDiabetesGLP-1 receptor agonistsObesityPharmacotherapySGLT2 inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Surgery
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes are global chronic diseases with significant health implications.
  • Bariatric surgery offers a long-term solution for managing these conditions.
  • The role of pharmacotherapy in conjunction with bariatric surgery requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of pharmacotherapy in patients with obesity and/or diabetes before and after bariatric surgery.
  • To assess the impact of pharmacotherapy on weight loss, glycemic control, and postoperative complications.
  • To evaluate the evolving role of anti-obesity medications and specific drug classes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on preoperative and postoperative medication use.
  • Evaluation of outcomes including weight reduction, metabolic improvements, and complication rates.

Main Results:

  • Anti-obesity medications are crucial for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, both pre- and post-surgery.
  • Preoperative pharmacotherapy improves surgical optimization and reduces complications.
  • Postoperative pharmacotherapy maximizes weight loss, enhances metabolic outcomes, and prevents weight regain.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacotherapy integrated with bariatric surgery presents a promising strategy for sustainable weight management and improved metabolic health.
  • Medications like SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists show efficacy in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  • Further research is needed to determine optimal pharmacotherapy timing, duration, combinations, and long-term safety/efficacy.