Are you thinking what I'm thinking? Defining what we mean by "polysubstance use."

Area of Science:

• Addiction research
• Public health
• Neuroscience

Background:

• The term "polysubstance use" is increasingly used but lacks a consistent definition.
• This ambiguity hinders research and public health efforts to address rising overdose rates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a standardized definition of polysubstance use.
• To improve consistency in research and clinical practice across disciplines.

Main Methods:

• Convened experts from sociology, epidemiology, neuroscience, and addiction psychiatry.
• Utilized an iterative process including discussions, conference insights, and clinical experience.
• Identified three core components for defining polysubstance use: substances involved, timing, and intent.

Main Results:

• Recommended defining "substances involved" by number/type, co-occurring disorders, or primary/secondary use.
• Advocated for clear terms like "simultaneous," "sequential," and "same-day" for timing (e.g., within 30 days).
• Emphasized clarifying "intent" (unintentional use/exposure) and motivations behind polysubstance use.

Conclusions:

• A consistent definition of polysubstance use is essential for synthesizing evidence.
• Standardized definitions will improve the ability to address the overdose crisis involving multiple substances.
• Clear definitions facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and more effective interventions.