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Updated: Jul 16, 2025
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Published on: August 13, 2019
Menopausal stage differences in endothelial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury
Jocelyn M Delgado Spicuzza1, David N Proctor1,2, Dick H J Thijssen3,4
1Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Background:
In postmenopausal women, reduced ovarian function precedes endothelial dysfunction and attenuated endothelial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We hypothesized that IR injury would lower endothelial function, with premenopausal women demonstrating the greatest protection from injury, followed by early, then late postmenopausal women.
Methods:
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed at baseline and following IR injury in premenopausal (n = 11), early (n = 11; 4 ± 1.6 years since menopause), and late (n = 11; 15 ± 5.5 years since menopause) postmenopausal women.
Results:
There were significant group differences in baseline FMD (p = 0.007); post hoc analysis revealed a similar resting FMD between premenopausal (7.8% ± 2.1%) and early postmenopausal (7.1% ± 2.7%), but significantly lower FMD in late postmenopausal women (4.5% ± 2.3%). Results showed an overall decline in FMD after IR injury (p < 0.001), and a significant condition*time interaction (p = 0.048), with early postmenopausal women demonstrating the most significant decline in FMD following IR.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that endothelial resistance to IR injury is attenuated in healthy early postmenopausal women.
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