Larvicidal activity of Stemona collinsiae root extract against Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala

Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala, considered synanthropic insects, are medically important flies, as they transmit vector-borne diseases to humans and animals. In Thailand, Stemona (Stemonaceae) plants have been traditionally used as insecticides. This study was designed to determine the larvicidal activity of S. collinsiae root extract against M. domestica and C. megacephala larvae. A 70% ethanol crude extract from S. collinsiae roots was tested against the third-instar larvae of both species using direct and indirect contact methods. The development and mortality rates of the insects were observed, and the LC values were calculated. The extract caused irregular development in both species, shown as segmental puparia that could not emerge as adult flies. The LC₅₀ values of the extract against M. domestica tested by direct and indirect contact methods were 0.0064 ± 0.0005 mg/larva and 0.0165 ± 0.0002 mg/cm²/larva, respectively. In the case of C. megacephala, the LC₅₀ value determined by the indirect contact method was 1.0500 ± 0.0001 mg/cm²/larva. The ethanolic root extract of S. collinsiae was able to kill the larvae of both species after dermal administration. It is of interest to develop S. collinsiae root extract as a natural fly control biopesticide.