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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Polysulfides in Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries.

Tongtong Luo1, Yang Wang1, Brooke Elander1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries offer a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries but face challenges in capacity and cycling. Understanding Mg polysulfide behavior is key to improving Mg-S battery performance.

Keywords:
battery materialscomputational modelingmagnesium batteriespolysulfide reactionspolysulfide shuttlingpolysulfide solubilityspectroscopysulfur cathodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries are a potential alternative to lithium-based technologies.
  • Key challenges include lower capacity and poor cycling performance compared to lithium counterparts.
  • Understanding Mg polysulfide chemistry is crucial for Mg-S battery development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding of polysulfide behaviors in Mg-S batteries.
  • Discuss conversion pathways, solubility, and shuttling effects of Mg polysulfides.
  • Identify future research directions for advancing Mg-S battery technology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic summary of experimental and computational techniques for polysulfide characterization.
  • Discussion of Mg polysulfide conversion pathways and solubility.
  • Analysis of strategies to balance polysulfide solubility and shuttling.

Main Results:

  • Polysulfide solubility significantly impacts reaction kinetics and overall Mg-S battery performance.
  • Polysulfide shuttling negatively affects battery performance.
  • Strategies like electrolyte additives, trapping materials, and catalysts can mitigate negative effects.

Conclusions:

  • Further advancement of Mg-S battery technology requires a deeper understanding of Mg polysulfide chemistry.
  • Integrating experimental and computational approaches is essential for accelerating development.
  • Optimizing polysulfide management is critical for achieving high-performance Mg-S batteries.