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A2AR antagonist treatment for multiple sclerosis: Current progress and future prospects
Chenxing Qi1, Yijia Feng2, Yiwei Jiang3
1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists show promise for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). While their role in peripheral immunity is moderate, they exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system (CNS).
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists are being explored for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, building on their success in Parkinson's disease.
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS, shows complex A2AR signaling roles, raising questions about therapeutic potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential therapeutic effects of A2AR antagonists in MS, considering their impact on both the peripheral immune system (PIS) and central nervous system (CNS).
Main Methods:
- Literature review examining the role of A2AR antagonists in EAE models and their effects on immune cells and CNS components.
Main Results:
- A2AR antagonists demonstrated moderate effects on peripheral immune cell proliferation and inflammation.
- A potent anti-inflammatory effect was observed in the CNS, mediated by actions on microglia, astrocytes, and blood-brain barrier endothelial cells.
Conclusions:
- A2AR signaling is a crucial immunomodulator in EAE/MS.
- A2AR antagonists represent a promising drug class for MS therapy due to their CNS-specific anti-inflammatory actions.
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