Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

186
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
186
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

60
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
60
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

47
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
47

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Parental Psychological Distress and Perceived Child Externalizing Behaviors: Examining Mediators and Bidirectional Effects.

Child psychiatry and human development·2026
Same author

Parental Psychological Distress and Perceived Child Externalizing Behaviors: Examining Mediators and Bidirectional Effects.

Child psychiatry and human development·2026
Same author

Approval of Parent-Child Aggression as a Mediator of Intergenerational Child Abuse Risk: An Evaluation of Racial Differences.

Journal of family violence·2025
Same author

Potential Moderators of the Association between Parental Psychological Distress and Perceived Child Externalizing Behaviors.

Early childhood research quarterly·2025
Same author

Evaluating the impact of No Hit Zone trainings in preschool-age childcare facilities for child maltreatment prevention: A quasi-experimental pilot study.

Child abuse & neglect·2025
Same author

Risk Factors and Moderators of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Versus Perpetration Among Women in Spain.

Violence and victims·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K

Spanking and executive functioning in US children: A longitudinal analysis on a matched sample.

Jeehye Kang1, Christina M Rodriguez2

  • 1Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, United States of America.

Child Abuse & Neglect
|September 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Spanking is linked to poorer executive functions (EFs) in young children, specifically impacting inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. This association persists even with low-frequency spanking, highlighting potential developmental risks.

Keywords:
Corporal punishmentECLS-K: 2011Executive functioningMatching designMultimethodSpanking

More Related Videos

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K
Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.8K
Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K
Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Spanking is associated with negative child outcomes.
  • Previous research on spanking and executive functions (EFs) is limited by selection bias.
  • EFs include inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the causal link between spanking and children's EFs.
  • To investigate the impact of low-frequency spanking on EFs.
  • To test for moderation of the spanking-EFs link by child and parent characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a representative sample of 5-6 year old US children.
  • Employed entropy-balanced matching to mitigate selection bias between spanked and non-spanked groups.
  • Conducted lagged dependent variable regression analyses on the matched sample.

Main Results:

  • Spanking at age 5 predicted lower inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility at age 6.
  • The association between spanking and inhibitory control was evident even with low-frequency spanking.
  • No significant moderation was found for child gender, parent race/ethnicity, or parental warmth.

Conclusions:

  • Spanking is associated with diminished executive functioning in children.
  • The impact of spanking on EFs varies across different EF domains.
  • Findings underscore the importance of parenting practices for child cognitive development.