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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
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Behavior Problems Associated with Pain and Paresthesia.

Daniel S Mills1, Fergus M Coutts2, Kevin J McPeake3

  • 1Animal Behaviour Cognition and Welfare Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|September 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pain is a subjective experience that can worsen problem behaviors in animals. Understanding the biobehavioral model of pain helps veterinarians recognize discomfort and improve treatment strategies for behavioral issues.

Keywords:
Adjunctive behaviorDiscomfortDysesthesiaPainParesthesiaProblem behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Behavior
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience.
  • Pain can significantly contribute to or worsen problem behaviors in animals.
  • Misconceptions about animal pain create barriers to effective assessment and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the biobehavioral model of pain for veterinarians.
  • To enhance understanding of pain mechanisms and their link to problem behaviors.
  • To provide practical indicators of discomfort in clinical cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the biobehavioral model of pain.
  • Presentation of potential indicators of animal discomfort.
  • Illustration with case examples from behavior and pain referral clinics.

Main Results:

  • The biobehavioral model offers a framework for understanding pain and behavior.
  • Various indicators of discomfort can be observed in animals.
  • Myths surrounding pain hinder proper veterinary care.

Conclusions:

  • Veterinarians must consider pain in all cases presenting with problem behaviors.
  • Applying the biobehavioral model improves pain assessment and management.
  • Addressing myths about pain is crucial for better animal welfare.