[Precise diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis based on phenotypes and endotypes]

Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction, demanding immediate management by health care providers, which is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in China. In addition to the classic IgE-mediated pathway, non-IgE dependent pathway has also been extensively studied in the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis. Recently, the atypical symptoms induced by widespread used monoclonal antibodies and biologics have been reported. The goal of this article is to recognize the phenotypes (triggers and presentation) and understand its characteristics through endotypes (mechanisms) of anaphylaxis. Ultimately, the aim is to help allergists and health care providers guide a precision approach to diagnose and manage of anaphylaxis.