Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by Solid-State Electrolytes

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Commercial lithium-ion batteries use flammable liquid electrolytes, posing safety risks.
• Solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer higher energy density and improved safety.
• Developing stable interfaces is key for practical SSB applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamentals, structures, and electrochemistry of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) for reversible anodes in SSBs.
• To discuss ion transport mechanisms and state-of-the-art solid electrolytes (SEs).
• To highlight interface challenges and recent innovations for anode integration in large-scale SSBs.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical and experimental insights into metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping for reversible cycling.
• Analysis of ion transport mechanisms in various solid-state electrolytes.
• Review of interface engineering strategies for SEs, anodes, and cathodes.

Main Results:

• Desirable SEI properties are identified for reversible metal anodes.
• Key challenges in integrating SEs, anodes, and cathodes are discussed, including interdiffusion and dendritic growth.
• Innovations in anode interface chemistries for monovalent and multivalent ion carriers are highlighted.

Conclusions:

• Addressing interface challenges is critical for realizing high-performance and large-scale SSBs.
• Advancements in SEI and SE materials are paving the way for safer, high-energy-density batteries.
• SSBs utilizing various cation carriers show promise compared to liquid electrolyte counterparts.