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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Improving Visualization of Intramuscular Perforator Course: Augmented Reality Headsets for DIEP Flap Breast

Ishith Seth1,2, Joakim Lindhardt3, Anders Jakobsen3

  • 1From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Augmented reality (AR) successfully identified perforators for deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. This technology enhances surgical precision and understanding of vascular anatomy.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Technology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Augmented reality (AR) is emerging as a valuable tool for preoperative guidance.
  • Its application in deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction is being explored.
  • Devices like the Microsoft HoloLens 2 exemplify this technological advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of AR technology in identifying perforators during DIEP flap breast reconstruction.
  • To assess AR's capability in mapping the extra- and intramuscular routes of perforators.
  • To evaluate AR's potential to improve surgical precision and outcomes in breast reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • A case series involving five patients undergoing DIEP flap breast reconstruction.
  • Utilized AR devices to identify preoperative perforators and map their anatomical courses.
  • Employed sound and/or color Doppler for verification of identified perforators.

Main Results:

  • The AR device accurately identified preoperative perforators in all five cases.
  • AR successfully delineated both the extra- and intramuscular pathways of the identified perforators.
  • AR provided a 3D overlay of vascular structures, enhancing anatomical understanding.

Conclusions:

  • AR technology demonstrates potential for improving perforator identification efficiency in DIEP flaps.
  • Enhanced visualization through AR can deepen the understanding of perforator trajectories.
  • Further research is required to determine if AR's benefits justify widespread clinical adoption for perforator identification.