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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
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Exposed Distal Tibia Coverage by Reversed Soleus Muscle Flap: Our Experiences.

Dr Afroza Nazneen1, Dr Asim Sarkar2

  • 1Associate Professor & Head, Burn and Plastic Surgery Unit, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

JPRAS Open
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The reversed medial hemisoleus muscle flap offers an effective solution for lower leg reconstructions. This local flap provides excellent outcomes with minimal donor site morbidity, making it a reliable choice for reconstructive surgeons.

Keywords:
Medial hemisoleus muscle flapReconstructionReversed

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Reconstructing the lower third tibia and ankle is challenging.
  • Microsurgical flaps are standard but require specialized equipment and training.
  • Free muscle flaps carry higher risks and may not suit all patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of local muscle flaps for distal tibia and ankle reconstruction.
  • To present an alternative to microsurgical techniques when resources are limited.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 100 patients (July 2015-December 2021) with distal tibial soft tissue defects.
  • Utilized the reversed medial hemisoleus muscle flap for reconstruction.
  • Patients were selected based on the need for soft tissue coverage of exposed bone.

Main Results:

  • The reversed medial hemisoleus muscle flap demonstrated excellent outcomes.
  • Achieved short surgical duration, ease of implementation, and good defect resolution.
  • Reported low donor area morbidity and preserved plantar flexion capability.

Conclusions:

  • The medial hemisoleus muscle flap is a reliable option for distal leg soft tissue reconstruction.
  • Success depends on careful dissection and preserving perforators of the posterior tibial artery.
  • This local flap is suitable when microsurgical options are not feasible.