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Related Concept Videos

Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
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Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
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A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

Botulinum neurotoxin for lip flip.

Jair Mauricio Cerón Bohórquez1, Jovian Wan2, Isaac Kai Jie Wong3

  • 1Medical Contour Hamburg, Germany.

JPRAS Open
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections for lip flips offer subtle upper lip eversion. This preliminary study in three patients using LetybotulinumtoxinA showed promising results with high satisfaction and no adverse effects.

Keywords:
Botulinum toxinsFacial musclesLip anatomyMuscle hypertoniaRejuvenation

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Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • The "lip flip" procedure uses botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) to enhance the upper lip.
  • It involves partial relaxation of the pars marginalis of the upper orbicularis oris muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomical rationale, injection technique, and preliminary clinical outcomes of using LetybotulinumtoxinA for lip flips.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this specific BoNT formulation for upper lip eversion.

Main Methods:

  • Three consecutive patients received superficial injections of LetybotulinumtoxinA (4 U/0.1 mL, 1 U per site) along the upper vermilion border.
  • Injections avoided the oral commissures and deeper muscle layers.
  • Clinical observations were made at two weeks post-injection.

Main Results:

  • All three patients achieved subtle upper lip eversion and a reduction in vertical rhytides.
  • Patient satisfaction ranged from "Satisfied" to "Very Satisfied."
  • No adverse events such as speech disturbance, oral incompetence, or asymmetry were reported during the short follow-up period.

Conclusions:

  • LetybotulinumtoxinA appears to be a safe and effective option for achieving subtle upper lip eversion and improving perioral rhytides.
  • These preliminary findings suggest potential for aesthetic improvement, but larger studies are needed.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes, control groups, and blinded assessments is recommended to validate these initial observations.