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The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw their javelin in such a way that it travels as far as possible. The javelin thrower takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. The range of a projectile is at its maximum at a 45° angle so javelin throwers try to angle their throw as close to 45° as possible.
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Projectile motion becomes evident when a player kicks the ball into the air. The launch angle, or the angle at which the ball is kicked, plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of the projectile. As the ball soars through the air, influenced solely by gravity, its motion can be dissected into two independent velocity components: the horizontal and the vertical.
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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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The ability to appropriately distinguish throws for different target positions.

Ayane Kusafuka1,2, Rintaro Yamamoto3, Taishi Okegawa3

  • 1Department of Intermedia Art and Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Baseball players exhibit superior throwing accuracy by reducing release timing variability. This enhanced motor control allows for better discrimination between different target positions, showcasing advanced skill development.

Keywords:
accuracycontroldifferent targetpitch locationpitching

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Area of Science:

  • Human motor control
  • Biomechanics of throwing
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Accurate object throwing is a key human motor skill.
  • Throwing accuracy, crucial for sports, is less studied than speed.
  • Understanding accuracy involves reducing errors and distinguishing targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ability to distinguish throws to different target positions.
  • To evaluate the two-dimensional pitch location distributions in university students.
  • To compare participants with and without baseball experience.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 15 pitches to three target positions per participant.
  • Used 95% confidence ellipses to quantify pitch location distributions.
  • Employed two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Participants generally distinguish throws by target position, irrespective of experience.
  • Baseball players showed reduced variability in pitch location indices.
  • Experienced players demonstrated decreased release timing variability compared to spatial variability.

Conclusions:

  • Baseball experience is linked to enhanced motor control in throwing.
  • Reduced timing variability is a key factor in improved throwing accuracy.
  • Advanced motor control mechanisms likely underlie the observed skill improvements.