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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Herbal Munziq Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation
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Reverse Mirizzi Syndrome.

Paola Franceschi1, Nicolò Brandi1, Anna Pecorelli1

  • 1Department of Radiology, IRCSS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

Radiology Case Reports
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of "Reverse Mirizzi Syndrome" (RMS) is presented, where gallstones obstruct the common bile duct (CBD) from within. This condition, also termed Renzulli Matteo Syndrome, is the opposite of classic Mirizzi syndrome.

Keywords:
Alagille syndromeBiliary atresiaCholecystojejunostomyCholelithiasisGallstoneMirizzi syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Alagille Syndrome patient with prior biliary surgery presented with jaundice and abdominal pain.
  • Initial misdiagnosis of biliary atresia led to neonatal cholecystojejunostomy.
  • Elevated bilirubin and cholestatic liver enzymes indicated biliary obstruction.

Observation:

  • Transabdominal ultrasound was limited by aerobilia secondary to cholecystojejunostomy.
  • CT scan revealed an impacted gallstone in the native common bile duct (CBD).
  • MRCP confirmed CBD gallstones causing extrinsic compression and upstream biliary dilation.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited gallstones obstructing the native CBD, unlike typical Mirizzi syndrome.
  • This obstruction compressed the cystic and common hepatic ducts.
  • The condition was proposed as "Reverse Mirizzi Syndrome" (Renzulli Matteo Syndrome, RMS).

Implications:

  • This case highlights a novel presentation of biliary obstruction.
  • The proposed "Reverse Mirizzi Syndrome" expands the differential diagnosis for CBD stones.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate surgical or interventional management.