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Attachment and comorbid anxiety in ADHD.

Hazal Akman1, Nihal Serdengeçti1, Mesut Yavuz1

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience anxiety. Lower maternal attachment security and higher hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms are linked to increased anxiety in these children.

Keywords:
anxietyattachmentattention deficit hyperactivity disorderemotion regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Psychiatry

Background:

  • Anxiety comorbidity is frequent in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the interplay of anxiety, attachment, and emotion regulation in children with ADHD.
  • This study addresses the need for clarity on these associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between attachment, emotion regulation, and comorbid anxiety in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare these factors between children with ADHD (with and without anxiety) and neurotypical controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 100 children with ADHD and 100 controls (aged 8-13 years) were clinically evaluated.
  • Participants completed the Turgay ADHD Scale, Emotion Regulation Checklist, RCADS-Child Version (RCADS-CV), and Kerns' Security Scale.
  • Groups were categorized based on RCADS-CV scores: ADHD/Anxiety(+), ADHD/Anxiety(-), and control.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD exhibited higher emotional lability/negativity compared to controls.
  • The ADHD/Anxiety(+) group showed lower paternal and maternal attachment security than controls.
  • Regression analysis revealed hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and lower maternal attachment quality predicted higher anxiety in children with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Attachment quality and emotion regulation difficulties are significantly associated with comorbid anxiety in children with ADHD.
  • Addressing attachment and emotion regulation may be crucial for managing core ADHD symptoms and anxiety.
  • Interventions should consider these factors for comprehensive ADHD care.