Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dynamics in kidney function markers as predictors of post-ICU survival: an innovative approach to enhance marker accuracy.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same author

Urine peptides enable non-invasive differential diagnosis of nodular diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026

Same author

Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in Hospitalized and Ambulatory Patients: A Comparative Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Peptidomic Profiling Reveals Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Signatures Discriminative of Multiple Myeloma.

Proteomics·2026

Same author

Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Emerging Concepts Beyond the International Consensus.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

Urinary Peptidomic Signatures Predict Overall and Progression-Free Survival in Bladder Cancer.

Proteomics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis

Published on: May 8, 2021

Multiple urinary peptides display distinct sex-specific distribution.

Ioanna K Mina^1,2, Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis^1,2, Justyna Siwy¹

¹Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.

|September 26, 2023

Summary

Sex differences exist in urinary peptides, impacting health and disease. This study identified 90 sex-associated peptides, aiding in developing sex-specific diagnostic tools for conditions like type II diabetes.

Keywords:

biomarker peptidomics proteomics sex urine

More Related Videos

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

Published on: January 16, 2015

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Published on: December 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis

Published on: May 8, 2021

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

Published on: January 16, 2015

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Published on: December 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Previous research indicates sex influences gene and protein expression.
Understanding sex-based molecular differences is crucial for personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex-associated differences in the human urinary peptidome.
To identify urinary peptides that can serve as biomarkers for sex-specific molecular mechanisms and disease classification.

Main Methods:

Utilized capillary electrophoresis-coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) on datasets from 2008 individuals (healthy and type II diabetes patients).
Employed Mann-Whitney statistical tests with multiple testing adjustments.
Developed a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using identified sex-associated peptides.

Main Results:

Identified 143 sex-associated peptides in a discovery cohort; 90 were validated across cohorts.
These 90 peptides originated from 29 parental proteins, with 16 showing sex-biased gene expression.
An SVM classifier achieved high accuracy (89% and 81% AUC) in distinguishing sex in independent cohorts.

Conclusions:

The urinary peptidome exhibits significant sex-associated variations.
These findings support the development of sex-specific classifiers for improved diagnostics and prognostics.
Urinary peptide profiling offers insights into sex-biased molecular pathways in health and disease.