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Progression of non-obstructive coronary plaque: a practical CCTA-based risk score from the PARADIGM registry
Gianluca Pontone1,2, Alexia Rossi3,4, Andrea Baggiano5
1Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy. gianluca.pontone@ccfm.it.
Insights
A new coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) risk score effectively predicts medium-term disease progression in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This tool aids in managing follow-up imaging and treatment strategies for these individuals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Imaging
- Radiology
- Preventive Cardiology
Background:
- Current clinical guidelines lack recommendations for repeat coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Predicting medium-term disease progression in this patient group is crucial for appropriate management.
- Existing risk stratification tools may not adequately address the nuances of non-obstructive CAD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a practical risk score utilizing CCTA findings.
- To predict medium-term coronary artery disease progression in patients with low-to-intermediate probability of CAD.
- To provide a tool for guiding clinical decisions regarding follow-up and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging (PARADIGM) registry.
- Inclusion of 370 patients (derivation cohort) and 219 patients (validation cohort) with two CCTA scans, non-obstructive CAD, and no high-risk plaque at baseline.
- Definition of disease progression as new ≥50% stenosis and/or high-risk plaque on follow-up CCTA.
Main Results:
- Disease progression occurred in 28% of the derivation cohort over a median of 3.3 years.
- Key predictors for progression included spotty calcification, low-attenuation plaque, 25-49% stenosis, bifurcation plaques, and time between scans.
- The developed CCTA risk score demonstrated C-statistics of 0.732 (derivation) and 0.668 (validation).
Conclusions:
- A novel, simple, and practical CCTA-based risk score accurately predicts mid-term CAD progression in patients with non-obstructive CAD.
- This risk score can assist clinicians in determining optimal timing for imaging follow-up.
- Implementation of this score can enhance therapeutic strategy decisions for patients with non-obstructive coronary disease.
Objectives:
No clear recommendations are endorsed by the different scientific societies on the clinical use of repeat coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to develop and validate a practical CCTA risk score to predict medium-term disease progression in patients at a low-to-intermediate probability of CAD.
Methods:
Patients were part of the Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging (PARADIGM) registry. Specifically, 370 (derivation cohort) and 219 (validation cohort) patients with two repeat, clinically indicated CCTA scans, non-obstructive CAD, and absence of high-risk plaque (≥ 2 high-risk features) at baseline CCTA were included. Disease progression was defined as the new occurrence of ≥ 50% stenosis and/or high-risk plaque at follow-up CCTA.
Results:
In the derivation cohort, 104 (28%) patients experienced disease progression. The median time interval between the two CCTAs was 3.3 years (2.7-4.8). Odds ratios for disease progression derived from multivariable logistic regression were as follows: 4.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.69-12.48) for the number of plaques with spotty calcification, 3.73 (1.46-9.52) for the number of plaques with low attenuation component, 2.71 (1.62-4.50) for 25-49% stenosis severity, 1.47 (1.17-1.84) for the number of bifurcation plaques, and 1.21 (1.02-1.42) for the time between the two CCTAs. The C-statistics of the model were 0.732 (0.676-0.788) and 0.668 (0.583-0.752) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively.
Conclusions:
The new CCTA-based risk score is a simple and practical tool that can predict mid-term CAD progression in patients with known non-obstructive CAD.
Clinical Relevance Statement:
The clinical implementation of this new CCTA-based risk score can help promote the management of patients with non-obstructive coronary disease in terms of timing of imaging follow-up and therapeutic strategies.
Key Points:
• No recommendations are available on the use of repeat CCTA in patients with non-obstructive CAD. • This new CCTA score predicts mid-term CAD progression in patients with non-obstructive stenosis at baseline. • This new CCTA score can help guide the clinical management of patients with non-obstructive CAD.
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